Calculation Formulas of Scoring System: The Sokal, Hasford, EUTOS and ELTS Scores
Calculation Formulas of Scoring System of survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): The Sokal, Hasford, EUTOS and ELTS Scores.
| Sokal score | Exp 0.01 16 x (age – 43.4) + 0.0345 x (spleen – 7.51) + 0.1880 x [(platelet count/700)2-0.563] + 0.0887 x (blasts -2.10) | Low risk: <0.8 Intermediate risk: 0.8-1.2 High risk: >1.2 |
| Hasford score | (0.6666 x age [0 when age <50 years; 1, otherwise] + 0.0420 x spleen + 0.0584 x blasts + 0.0413 x eosinophils + 0.2039 x basophils [0 when basophils <3%; 1, otherwise] + 1.0956 x platelet count [0 when platelets <1500 x I09/L; 1, otherwise]) x 1000 | Low risk: ≤780 Intermediate risk: 781-1480 High risk: >1480 |
| EUTOS score | (Basophils x 7) + (spleen x 4) | Low risk: ≤87 High risk: >87 |
| ELTS score | 0.0025 x (age/10)3 + 0.0615 x spleen + 0.1052 x blasts + 0.4104 x (platelet count/1000)-05 | Low risk: ≤1.5680 Intermediate risk: 1.5680-2.2185 High risk: >2.2185 |
Note: Exp – exponential function; Age is in years; Spleen is in cm below the costal margin; Platelet count is in * I09/L; Blasts, eosinophils and basophils are in percent of peripheral blood.
EUTOS, European Treatment and Outcome Study; ELTS, EUTOS long-term survival.
A source:
Sokal JE, Cox EB, Baccarani M, Tura S, Gomez GA, Robertson JE et al. Prognostic discrimination in “good-risk” chronic granulocytic leukemia. Blood 1984; 63: 789-99. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6584184/
Thomas M, Irving J, Lennard A, Proctor S, Taylor P. Validation of the Hasford score in a demographic study in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2001;54(6):491-493. doi:10.1136/jcp.54.6.491. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1731441/pdf/v054p00491.pdf
Uz B, Buyukasik Y, Atay H, et al. EUTOS CML prognostic scoring system predicts ELN-based ‘event-free survival’ better than Euro/Hasford and Sokal systems in CML patients receiving front-line imatinib mesylate. Hematology. 2013;18(5):247-52. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23540886/
Yahng SA, Jang EJ, Choi SY, et al. Comparison of Sokal, Hasford and EUTOS scores in terms of long-term treatment outcome according to the risks in each prognostic model: a single center data analyzed in 255 early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with frontline imatinib mesylate. Blood 2012;120:Abstract 2794.
Marin D, Ibrahim AR, Goldman JM. European Treatment and Outcome Study (EUTOS) score for chronic myeloid leukemia still requires more confirmation. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3944–5. https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/jco.2011.37.6962
Yamamoto E, Fujisawa S, Hagihara M, et al. European Treatment and Outcome Study score does not predict imatinib treatment response and outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Cancer Sci. 2014;105(1):105-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24450386/
Pfirrmann M, Baccarani M, Saussele S, et al. Prognosis of long-term survival considering disease-specific death in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016;30(1):48-56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26416462/
Validation of the EUTOS Long-Term Survival Score in Chinese Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib: A Multicenter Real-World Study DOI:10.2147/CMAR.S237467
Pfirrmann M, Baccarani M, Saussele S, Guilhot J, Cervantes F, Ossenkoppele G, Hoffmann V S, Castagnetti F, Hasford J, Hehlmann R, Simonsson B. Prognosis of long-term survival considering disease-specific death in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2015. Article in press.
Hasford J, Pfirrmann M, Hehlmann R, Allan NC, Baccarani M, Kluin-Nelemans JC et al. A new prognostic score for survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with interferon alfa. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998; 90: 850-8.
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